Andhra Pradesh Formation day November 1st

Andhra Pradesh Formation day  November 1st

Andhra Pradesh was formed from Andhra State on November 1, 1956. Andhra Pradesh popularly abbreviated as A.P., is an Indian state situated on the south-eastern coast of India. The location of Andhra Pradesh is between 77° and 84°40′E longitude and 12°41′ and 22°N latitude. It is bordered by Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Maharastra in the North, Tamil nadu in the South, The bay of Bengal in the East and Karnataka in the West. It ranks as India’s fourth largest state in area and fifth largest state in population. Hyderabad is its capital and largest city of the state. The state also ranks as the second longest coastline (972 km) among all the coastal States in India. Andhra Pradesh is known as “Rice Bowl of India” because the state grows more than 77% of its crop is rice; it produced 17,796,000 tonnes of rice in 2006. The two major rivers running through the state and forming delta in the state are the Godavari and the Krishna. The small enclave of the Yanam district of Pondicherry state lies in north-east of the state in the Godavari Delta.

Historically the region comprising the state was known as Andhra vishaya, Andhraavani  Andhraapatha and Andhradesa. In Aitareya Brahmana, Sanskrit epics, An Andhra Kingdom is mentioned. 1st Century B.C, The Natyasastra of Bharatha also mentioned the “Andhra” race. The main roots of the Telugu language have been traced to inscriptions found at Bhattiprolu. According to the records of Megasthenes, who regularly visited the Court of Chandragupta Maurya (B.C.322–297), mentioned that Andhra had 3 fortified towns and an army of 100,000 infantry, 200 cavalry and 1,000 elephants in their kingdom. The Buddhist book tells that Andhras established their kingdoms on the Godavari region at that time. Asoka also referred in his 13th rock edict that Andhras was his subordinates.

Andhra Pradesh

In 3rd century BC, Andhra Satavahanas became independent. After the sudden decline of the Satavahanas in 220 BC, Ikshvaku dynasty, Pallavas dynasty, Ananda Gotrikas, Vishnukundinas, Eastern Chalukyas and Cholas ruled the Telugu region at different periods. The Andhra region was also the control of Kakatiyas, Vijayanagar Empire and Bahmani, Qutb shahi dynasty. During the colonial period Andhra became part of the British Madras Presidency. Eventually this particular region emerged as the Costal Andhra region. Later the Kingdom of Nizam had ceded nearly five territories to the British which eventually emerged as Rayalaseema region. The Nizams tried their best to retained control of the interior provinces as the Princely state of Hyderabad, acknowledging British rule in just return for local autonomy.

When India because independent on 14th august 1947. The Muslim Nizam of Hyderabad tried to retain his independence from India, but the public of the region launched the movement to join the Indian Union. Later, the state of Hyderabad was forced to become part of the Republic of India in 1948, the operation was popularly known as Operation Polo which lasted for 5 days and had popular public support from the people of the Hyderabad State.

In a struggle to gain an independent state and protect the greater interests of the Telugu people of then Madras state, Amarajeevi Potti Sriramulu fasted until death. Later the Public outcry and civil unrest after his sudden death forced the central government to announce the formation of a new state for Telugu speaking people from the Madras State. Finally Andhra attained statehood on 1 October 1953, with Kurnool as its capital. Again on 1 November 1956, Andhra State merged with the Telangana area of Hyderabad State to form the state of Andhra Pradesh. Hyderabad, the former capital of the Hyderabad State, was officially made the capital of the new state Andhra Pradesh.

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